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Bài 1.6: Động từ “to be”.


Động từ “to be” là một động từ đặc biệt và gần như có nhiều dạng thức nhất trong nhóm động từ. Vì vây, để giải thích rõ ràng ý nghĩa và các sử dụng động từ “to be” là một vấn đề khá phức tạp. Mình sẽ có gắng giải thích một cách dễ hiểu nhất cho các bạn.

1.  Về dạng thức của “to be”


Dạng thức
Chủ ngữ đi kèm
Cách sử dụng
Thì hiện tại
am
I
Sử dụng ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, dạng bị động ở thì hiện tại.
VD:
I am here.
I am studying math.
Rice is grown in field.
is
He, She, It, That, This, What, Which, Where…
are
We, They, You, Those, There, What, Which, Where…
Thì quá khứ
was
I, You, He, She, It, What, Which, Where…
Sử dụng ở thì quá khứ, quá khứ tiếp diễn và dạng bị động ở thì quá khứ.
VD:
I was there
I was studying math when he came in.
Rice was grown last month.
were
We, They, You, Those, There, What, Which, Where…
simple verb form
be
X
Sử dụng khi nếu theo sau các động từ ở Bài 6Bài 7 và theo sau các condition verbs gồm: can, could, may, might, must, have to, will, would, shall, should, ought to, had better.
VD:
I will be there in the morning.
I shall be angry if he do the thing.
V-ing form
being
X
Sử dụng nếu theo sau các động từ đã trình bày ở Bài 2Bài 6.
VD:
He stopped me being a singer.
He make me being a a foolish.
infinitive form
to be
X
Sử dụng nếu theo sau các động từ được trình bài ở Bài 3Bài 4
VD:
He asked me to be here.
He prefers being a child.
PP
been
X
Được sử dụng ở thì hoàn thành, hoặc dạng bị động ở các thì hoàn thành, hoàn thành tiếp diễn; thường theo sau trợ động từ have, has hoặc had.
VD:
I have never been here…

2.  Chức năng của động từ “to be”.

Chức năng
Vị trí thường gặp
Ví dụ
Làm lingking verb
Trong các câu gồm S + to be + adj/N
a. He is handsome.
b. This is a book.
làm helping verbs
Trong các câu ở thì tiếp diễn và các câu ở dạng bị động
Xem "to be" làm helping verbs rõ hơn ở Bài 1.3
a. I am writing at the moment.
b. Rice is grown in field.
Làm động từ thường
Trong các câu có cấu trúc: S + to be + adv (ở đây là phó từ chỉ thời gian hoặc địa điểm)
a. I am here.
b. It is 7 o'clock now.


Nhìn chung những vấn đề động từ “to be” được tổng hợp gần như đầy đủ trong bài viết này. Tất nhiên khi bạn càng đi sâu vào tìm hiểu hay sử dụng thì bạn mới thấy rõ được các vấn đề mà mình đã đề cập trong bài viết. Bởi có lẽ nếu bạn chỉ nhì sơ qua bài viết thì sẽ không hiểu được tầm quan trọng của nó. Khi vấp phải rồi bạn sẽ thấy nhìn bài viết có vẻ ngắn gọn nhưng kiến thức bao hàm trong nó thì rất lớn. Mình không thể trình bày quá chi tiết được mà chỉ dụng lại ở mức tổng quan. Hy vọng bài viết có thể giúp ích được phần nào cho các bạn.

Hẹn gặp lại !!!
“Bài viết được biên soạn bởi Hung Nguyen"

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