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Bài 11: To + V-ing hay chính xác hơn là giới từ được theo sau bằng gerund.

Một ngày nào đó bạn đang lướt qua những bài viết bằng tiếng anh hay đơn giản đang đau đầu với những câu hổi tiếng anh. Rồi chọt bạn nhận ra những thư như sau:
1.      I am not used to driving car. (Tôi không phải dung để lái xe. Thật ra mình không thích dịch lắm vì dịch ra để bạn hiểu thì nó thô, mà dịch theo ý hiểu thì bạn chẳng hiểu mình dịch từ nào ra từ nào trong đây. Khộ thế đấy.)
2.      I look forward to going to the sea. (Tôi mong chờ việc đi biển)
3.      An has two jobs. In addition to working he has to take care his children.

Mình phải thừa nhận rằng trước đây khi nhìn thấy “to” mà phía sau để trông thì ngay laaoj tức mình tìm ngày một động từ và điền vào để ra dạng “to verb (infinitive)” nhưng thật sự điều đó là sai lầm vì ở đây “to” đóng vai trò là một giới từ. Mà cần phải nhớ một quy tắc là theo sau một giới từ phải là một danh từ, đại từ hoăc một từ có chức năng là danh từ, ở đây là gerund (danh động từ), (mình không nhớ rõ lắm để đưa ra ví dụ nhưng nhiều khi theo sau giới từ là một giới từ khác – nếu mình không nhầm). Oke, giới từ được theo sau bằng danh từ, đại từ và gerund (đay là một quy tắc mình nghĩ bạn nên ghi lại). Vậy tất nhiên bạn sẽ tự hỏi, làm sao để biết đâu “to” khi nào là giới từ và “to” khi nào là một bộ phận của infinitive. Vì vậy mình lại liệt kê cho các bạn các cụm từ mà chắc chắn to ở đây là một giới từ. Cũng không nhiều lắm. Gerund ở dây nghĩa là làm gì đó.
giới từ “to” + gerund
be accustomed + to + gerund
(quen vơi việc gì đó)
I am accustomed to living here
in addition + to + gerund
(ngoài làm gì đó, vế sau là gì đó nữa)
In addition to working he has take care of his children
be committed + to + gerund
(cam kết làm gì đó)
be devoted + to + gerund
(cống hiến làm gì đó)
I am devoted to working in the company
look forward + to + gerund
(mong chờ làm gì đó)
I am looking forward to going to the sea
object + to + gerund
(phản đối làm gì đó)
would you object to going to an Italian restaurant
be opposed + to + gerund
(chống đối làm gì đó)
be used + to + gerund
(được dùng cho việc gì đó)
I am not used to going to the sea
Dưới đây là các cụm từ thường gặp được đi kèm với giới từ và được theo sau bằng gerund. Mình lười lấy ví dụ quá nên giải nghĩa nhé.
be exited
about + gerund
thấy phấn khích về việc gì đó
be worried
thấy lo lắng về việc gì đó
complain
about/ of + gerund
phàn nà về việc gì đó
dream
mơ về việc gì đó
talk
talk về việc gì đó
think
nghĩ về việc gì đó
apologize
for + gerund
xin lỗi cho việc gì đó
blame (someone)
trừng phạt ai đó về việc gì đó
forgive (someone)
tha thứ cho ai đó về chuyện gì đó
have an excuse
có lý do để làm gì đó
have a reason
có lý do để làm gì đó
be responsible
chịu trách nhiệm cho việc gì đó
thank (someone)
cám ơn ai đó cho việc gì đó
keep (someone)
from + gerund
giữ ai đó khỏi làm gì đó
prevent (someone)
ngăn cản ai đó làm gì đó
prohibit (someone)
cấm ai đó làm gì đó
stop (someone)
dừng ai đó làm gì đó
believe
in + gerund
tin vào chuyện gì đó
be interested
bị hấp dẫn bổi việc gì đó
participate
tham gia làm gì đó
succeed
thành công trong việc gì đó
be accused
of + gerund
Bị buộc tội cho việc gì đó
be capable
Có khả năng làm gì đó
for the purpose
Với mục đich làm gì đó + vế sau
be guilty
cảm thấy tội lỗi về việc gì đó
instead
thay vì làm gì đó + còn vế sau
take advantage
tận dụng lợi thế của việc gì đó
take care
trông nom việc gì đó
be tired
thấy mệ vì làm gì đó
insist
on + gerund
Nhấn mạnh việc gì đó


 Nhìn chung tất cả các cụn từ mình nêu trên đều có khả năng theo sau cả danh từ, đại từ và gerund nhưng chúng thường được sử dụng theo cách cách trên nên mình liệt kê luôn cho các bạn cùng với cụm từ có giới từ “to” là một số cụm từ với các giới từ khác "to". Hy vọng nó giúp ích được cho bạn. Dù sao đừng ngạc nhiên khi những cụm trên không theo sau là gerund mà là danh từ hoặc động từ nhé. Vì quy tắc luôn đúng và ngữ cảnh có thể thay đổi. 

Hẹn gặp lại !!!
“Bài viết được biên soạn bởi Hung Nguyen"


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