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Bài 1.1: Phân biệt danh động từ và động tính từ.


Trong các tài liệu tiếng anh có thể bạn sẽ bắt gặp các khái niệm danh đông từ và động tính từ. Tuy nhiên, không phải ai cũng phân biệt và làm rõ hai khái niệm này. Vì vậy mình muốn trình bài rõ cho các bạn khái niệm danh động từ và động tính từ.

Về dạng thức: Danh động từ có dạng: V-ing
                        Động tính từ có dạng:  V-ing hoặc PP (quá khứ phân từ)
Nếu chỉ nhìn vào từng từ riêng biệt thì bạn sẽ không thể phân biệt được chúng có phải là danh động từ hay động tính từ không. Vì vậy bạn phải nhìn vào từng cụm từ hoặc từng câu để xem xét chức năng của từ đấy trong tổ hợp mà nó tạo thành để biết.
a.      Với danh động từ thì xuất phát điểm được biến đổi thành V-ing và làm chức năng như một danh từ trong tổ hợp nó tạo thành. Với chức năng như một danh từ thì nó có thể làm chủ ngữ, tân ngữ hoặc bổ ngữ trong câu.
VD:
Ø  Swimming is difficult to me (Ở đây danh dộng từ là chủ ngữ)
Ø  I like swimming ( Ở đây danh dộng từ là bổ ngữ, xem thêm bài Bài 2, Bài 8, Bài 10 để hiểu thêm về danh động từ đóng vai trò là bổ ngữ)
Ø  I appreciate your coming (Ở dây danh động từ làm tân ngữ)
( Quy tắc: Bạn chỉ cần phải nhìn chức năng của V-ing trong câu để làm rõ nó có phải danh động từ hay không?)
b.      Với động tính từ thì xuất phát điểm là một động từ được biến đổi thành một V-ing hoăc PP và làm chức năng là một tính từ trong tổ hợp nó tạo thành. Vì vậy nó có thể làm bổ ngữ cho động từ hoăc bổ ngữ cho danh từ
Xem ví dụ sau:
Ø  I am playing football.
Ø  I have finished my homework.
Ø  I have a brocken window.
Ø  My hand was broken
Ø  He said a boring story.
Thật ra bạn không cần phải tìm đâu xa.Bạn gặp rất nhiều động tính từ ở các thì tiếp diến, các thì hoàn thành hoặc ở dạng bị động. Tại đây động từ đóng vai trò là tính từ và dùng bổ nghĩa cho to be (đã được chia) hoăc (have đã được chia). Trường hợp này động tính từ dùng để bổ nghĩa cho động từ.
Đối với trường hợp động tính từ làm bổ ngữ cho danh từ ta có thể thấy ở ví dụ 3 và 4; broken windowboring story. Bạn chỉ cần nhớ những từ có dạng V-ing hoăc PP đứng trước một danh từ để tạo thành một cụm danh từ thì đó chính là động tính từ mà bạn cần tìm.

(Quy tăc: Động tính từ có dạng V-ing hoặc PP nằm trong các câu ở các thì tiếp diễn, thì hoàn thành và ở dạng bị động. Động tính từ luôn đứng trước một danh từ.)
Hy vọng bài viết này phần nào giúp ích được cho bạn.

Hẹn gặp lại !!!
“Bài viết được biên soạn bởi Hung Nguyen"

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