Bài 2: Phía sau một động từ phần 1

Như đã trình bày ở bài 1 phía sau một động từ có thể là một tân ngữ (là danh từ hoặc đại từ), là bổ ngữ (có thể là tính từ, phó từ). Vậy chung quy lại nội dung của bài một thì phía sau động từ có thể là các từ loại sau: danh từ, đại từ, phó từ, và tính từ. Tôi từng nghĩ chỉ đơn giản vậy và có thể bạn cũng vậy. Nhưng bạn có từng nghĩ động từ theo sau động từ thì sao. Nó sẽ được chia như thế nào?

Nhớ lại hồi đầu năm 2015 khi tôi mới từ bỏ công việc của mình là kế toán cho công ty của chú mình. Bâng quơ, không mục tiêu của cuộc đời rồi quyết định thi vào ngân hàng. Mặc dù tôi chẳng hề thích. Trong tận sau trong lòng rằng được cũng được mà không được cũng chẳng sao. Có lẽ vậy, các anh làm tuyển dụng cũng nhận ra rằng tôi chẳng hề có nhiệt huyết nên sau bốn tháng đi thi tuyển chỉ qua vòng thi viết mà chưa bao giờ qua vòng phỏng vấn. Mà thôi tản mạn thế đủ rồi. Điều tôi muốn nói là đề thi tiếng anh của các ngân hàng. Thường có cấu trúc động từ sau động từ. Hồi đó biết gì tiếng anh đâu. Cách duy nhất là xem các đề cũ và nhớ. Vào làm bài thấy quen mắt thì khoanh. Cũng có suy nghĩ xem nó như thế nào nhưng bó tay.

Ví dụ:

1. He admitted …. the money

a. Stealing

b. To steal

c. Steals

d. Stole

Đáp án câu này là a: stealing

2. They agreed … us

a. Helping

b. To help

c. Helps

d. Helped

Đáp án câu này là b : to help

3. She advised … until tomorrow

a. me to wait

b. Waiting

c. Waited

d. A và b

Đáp án câu này là d : a và b

4. I help him…. his luggage

a. To take

b. Take

c. Taking

d. Takes

Đáp án câu này là b : take

Đại lại sau những ví dụ trên bạn nhận ra điều gì rằng có thể là những dạng thức khác nhau của động từ. Những động từ đúng sau chỉ có thể ở dạng V-ing hoặc to verb hoặc verb simple dù động từ ở trước nó chia ở bất kì thì nào thì. Vậy có quy tắc nào để nhận biết không. Chẳng có đâu. Tôi đã lục tung cả internet lên rồi. Bó tay. Đùa thôi. Sau đây tôi sẽ trình bày chúng cho bạn. Điều cơ bản là bạn phải học thuộc, luyện tập hay làm cách nào để nhớ được những từ tôi đã liệt kê.

Nhìn chung chúng được chia vào các nhóm sau:

1. Đông từ mà theo sau nó là đông từ nguyên thể (infinitive)

2. Động từ mà theo sau nó là gerund (V-ing)

3. Động từ mà theo sau nó có thể là động từ nguyện thể hoặc gerund (V-ing)

4. Động từ mà theo sau nó là tính từ (chỉ một số động từ được gọi là linking verb)

5. Đông từ mà theo sau nó có thể là đông từ nguyên thể không “to”(Simple) hoặc V-ing

6. Động từ mà theo sau là một danh từ hoăc đại từ và động từ nguyện thể

7. Go + V-ing

8. Động từ đặc biệt: let, help, make, have, get….

9. To be.

(Bạn cần phân biệt infinitive và simple. “To go” được gọi là infinitive còn “go” gọi là simple. Cả hai đều không chia theo ngôi hay thì gì cả.)

Vậy xin liệt kê động từ được theo sau bằng gerund.

admit	he admitted stealing the money
advise	she advised waiting until tomorrow
anticipate	I anticipated having a good time on vacation
appriciate	I appriciate hearing from them
avoid	he avoided answering my question
can't bear	I can not bear waiting in long lines
begin	I began ranning
conplete	I finally completed writing my term paper
consider	I will consider going with you
continue	he continued speaking
delay	He delayed leaving for school
deny	She denied committing the crime
dicuss	They dicussed onpening a new business
dislike	I dislike driving
enjoy	we enjoyed visting them
finish	she finished studying about ten
forget	I'll never forget visting Napoleon's tomb
hate	I hate making silly mistakes
can't help	I can not help worrying about it
keep	I keep hoping he will come
like	I like going to movies
love	I love going to operas
mention	she mentioned going to a movie
mind	Would you mind helping me with this
miss	I miss being with my family
postpone	Let's potpone leaving until tomorrow
practice	the athlete practiced throwing the ball
prefer	Ann prefers walking to driving to work
quit	He quit trying to slove the problem
recall	I don’t recall meeting him before
recollect	I don’t recollect meeting him before
recommend	she recommended seeing the show
regret	I regret telling him my secret
remember	I can not remember meeting him when I was a child
resent	I resent her interfering in my business
resist	I couldn’t resist cating the dessert
rík	she risks losing all of her money
can't stand	I can not standing in long lines
start	it started raining
stop	she stopped going to class
sugest	She sugested going to a movie
tolerate	She will not tolerate cheating during an examination
try	I tried changing the light bulb
understand	I don’t understand his leaving school

Những từ được bôi đỏ có thể được theo sau bằng "to verb" hoăc "pro(noun) + to verb". Nếu bạn thấy những từ không được bôi đỏ được theo sau bằng "to verb" thì nó có nghĩa là: "làm cái gì đó để làm gì đó", cấu trúc câu thể hiện mục tiêu. Thật ra cấu trúc đầy đủ là:

Verb (đã được chia) + in order to verb nhưng thường được rút gọn "in order".

Hẹn gặp lại!!!

“Bài viết được biên soạn bởi Hung Nguyen"

Comments

BÀI ĐĂNG ĐƯỢC XEM NHIỀU

List of Vietnamese fairy tales

Vietnamese fairy tales includes many stories as Tam and Cam; So Dua; Hundred – knot- bamboo tree... which were spread in folk. Each stories has its own meaning. I think I can not translate exactly each word into english but I will try my best to convey its meaning to you. Hope you like them!

Thanh Giong

Once upon a time, a woman was old but she had not given birth a child. One day, when she went to her field, she saw a stranger footsore on the ground. The big footsore made her surprise and said: “omg, this footsore is so big” the she put her foot into the footsore. More 9 months later, she gave birth to a little boy named Giong. The boy was extraordinary that he was over three years old but had not spoken. He only knew lying and smiling. vietnamesefairytales.blogspot.com That year, the enemies they were known An planed to attack the country of the boy. They were merciless. Wherever they had gone, houses were ruined, fields were fired, people were killed. The sight behind them is mess of corpse and blood and ashes.The King was worry he forced his servants to look for person who could fight against the enemies. One day, a servent went to Giong’s village while the woman was holding the boy in her arms, she said sadly that: “Giong, I wonder that when you hav...

Cruel-second mother

A man had two wives and each wife gave birth to a son, Linh and Lang. Linh was child of the first wife and Lang was child of the other. Linh’s mother died early left him staying with father, the second mother and Lang. Lang was older than Ling five years old and treated Linh as his same mother brother but his mother didn’t thought that she hated Linh. When Linh grew up, his father let him to study in school because he was son of the first wife while Lang followed his father, worked on their field. Unfortunately, his father died, left assets which were accumulated in three generations, vast field, red roof house with large gardens around, ponds will full of fish. Although the second wife still treated Linh normal as if he was her son but in fact she implicitly planned to harm him to usurp asset because the fate of women, not first wife, and their children just inherited very little. One day, the second wife requested Lang and Linh to go to market to buy fire-wood. Before th...

The love story of Chuc and Nguu

Deeply in forest where rarely people stepped on there had a pond which were filled by cool clear water. The pond had never dried so that was where fairies used to gather. They often took water from the pond and sometime they waded in it to bath. And while they were bathing they always left their clothes on shore. Though, they had never been discovered by anyone who lived on ground. He, a woodcutter, lived alone in a hut standing by edge of forest. His name was Nguu. Everyday, he went in forest, cut down tree then brought it to market to sell. One day, he went in forest to deeply that he didn’t remember the way to get out the forest. It’s random he headed to the pond at the middle of forest. That time, three fairies were romping in the pond. And of course they were the most beautiful girls Nguu had ever seen so he immediately was enchanted their beauty. Then, he caught a plan that he wanted a fairy to be his wife. He saw sets of white clothes which were left on grass n...

Truyện 110. Lấy chồng dê

Ngày xưa, ở một vùng gần biển, có hai vợ chồng nhà nọ, đầu tóc đã hoa râm mà vẫn hiếm hoi. Hai vợ chồng cầu khấn khắp nơi mong có mụn con khỏi phải hiu quạnh lúc tuổi già. Thế rồi người vợ bỗng có mang, chín tháng mười ngày đẻ ra một bọc, khi mở ra thì không phải là người mà là một con dê đực. Chồng bực mình bảo vợ đem ném xuống sông cho khuất mắt, nhưng người vợ không nỡ, khuyên chồng cứ để lại nuôi. Trong lòng phiền não, người chồng phát ốm rồi từ giã cõi đời. Trái lại, dê thì hay ăn chóng lớn, lại biết trông gà, chăn lợn, giúp đỡ mẹ những việc vặt trong nhà. Vì thế, mẹ dê cũng phần nào khuây khỏa.

So dua - Coconut boy

Once upon a time, there in a village had a couple who worked as servants for a landlord. Although they were over fifty years old, they had ever not had a child. They were sad about that, but they had never given up to dream about a child. One day, it's a very hot day, when the wife was working in the field and felt very thirsty. She seeked for water, but she didn't see any but a little water in a skull which was in a hole beside an ancient tree. She had no choice but to drink it. Right the moment she drank, the feeling of cold water running from her throat to her stomach made her felt very comfortable. As a magic, she was pregnant after that short time. Then, the husband died before he got the happiness looking his child be born. After nine months and ten days, the wife gave birth a son but he didn't look like any child on the world. He had no feet, no leg, and even no body. He just had a head with full of eyes, nose, ear, hair and mouth on it. He didn't ugly but was ...

Bài 1.5: Cách sử dụng at, on, in cho thời gian, ngày, tháng, năm, mùa.

Chào các bạn! Bởi vì mình có hay dich truyện và một vài thứ linh tinh khác nên thường bắt gặp ngày, tháng năm. Thật ra khôngkhó để sử dụng đúng nhưng mỗi lần cần đến mình lại phải tra lại tra cứu. Điều đó rất mất thời gian nên hôm nay mình viết một bài liên quan đến at, on, in + thời gian để giúp bạn nào chưa biết và giúp chính mình nhớ được cách sử dụng của các giới từ at, on, in và dạng thời gian được theo sau giới từ đó.

Cam Ho Bui.

Long time ago, that was in dynasty a poor boy lived near foot of a mountain named Hong Linh . His name was Ho. When he was child he had followed an old teacher to study but as his parents died he stopped. He also had no brother or sister so he lived alone from that time. He worked as a herd to live. All things he had were a knife, a conch and basket. Others because of felling sorry for him built for him a hut under the mountain. Front of the hut hanging an instrument which was made of bamboo. Every morning as he woke up he drummed on the instrument which would spread a noise and notified people living in the village brought their buffaloes to the crossroads then he would take care of them from that. Afternoon, he brought the buffaloes came back the crossroads and they could find the way to come their houses. Though his jobs had a little difficulty but he, in other side, felt delight. In addition to wage he usually was given serving whenever one of them had a fe...

Thach Sanh and Ly Thong Chapter 1

Chap 1: fight with huge snake Once upon a time, a woodcutter and his wife were over sixty years old but they had had not any children. Although they were sad, they still did good thing and hoped God would give them one child. At last, their kindness had come to King of heaven who requested his son to fly down and reincarnate to be the old couple’son. They had just enjoyed the happiness for a short time. Then, the old man died, before his son was born. Vietnamesefairytales.blogspot.com After that, the woman gave birth to a beautiful, strength boy. She named him Thach Sach. The poor boy grew up with no father then his mother also left after few years living with him. They only left him an ax and a pair of shorts. Day by day, he went to forest, cut tree, split them then took to market to get money. When he was thirteen, king of heaven forced his servants down to teach him magic and martial arts. Then they was back heaven, Thach Sanh continued living alone in...

Vietnamese fairy tales

Search This Blog