Bài 2: Phía sau một động từ phần 1

Như đã trình bày ở bài 1 phía sau một động từ có thể là một tân ngữ (là danh từ hoặc đại từ), là bổ ngữ (có thể là tính từ, phó từ). Vậy chung quy lại nội dung của bài một thì phía sau động từ có thể là các từ loại sau: danh từ, đại từ, phó từ, và tính từ. Tôi từng nghĩ chỉ đơn giản vậy và có thể bạn cũng vậy. Nhưng bạn có từng nghĩ động từ theo sau động từ thì sao. Nó sẽ được chia như thế nào?

Nhớ lại hồi đầu năm 2015 khi tôi mới từ bỏ công việc của mình là kế toán cho công ty của chú mình. Bâng quơ, không mục tiêu của cuộc đời rồi quyết định thi vào ngân hàng. Mặc dù tôi chẳng hề thích. Trong tận sau trong lòng rằng được cũng được mà không được cũng chẳng sao. Có lẽ vậy, các anh làm tuyển dụng cũng nhận ra rằng tôi chẳng hề có nhiệt huyết nên sau bốn tháng đi thi tuyển chỉ qua vòng thi viết mà chưa bao giờ qua vòng phỏng vấn. Mà thôi tản mạn thế đủ rồi. Điều tôi muốn nói là đề thi tiếng anh của các ngân hàng. Thường có cấu trúc động từ sau động từ. Hồi đó biết gì tiếng anh đâu. Cách duy nhất là xem các đề cũ và nhớ. Vào làm bài thấy quen mắt thì khoanh. Cũng có suy nghĩ xem nó như thế nào nhưng bó tay.

Ví dụ:

1. He admitted …. the money

a. Stealing

b. To steal

c. Steals

d. Stole

Đáp án câu này là a: stealing

2. They agreed … us

a. Helping

b. To help

c. Helps

d. Helped

Đáp án câu này là b : to help

3. She advised … until tomorrow

a. me to wait

b. Waiting

c. Waited

d. A và b

Đáp án câu này là d : a và b

4. I help him…. his luggage

a. To take

b. Take

c. Taking

d. Takes

Đáp án câu này là b : take

Đại lại sau những ví dụ trên bạn nhận ra điều gì rằng có thể là những dạng thức khác nhau của động từ. Những động từ đúng sau chỉ có thể ở dạng V-ing hoặc to verb hoặc verb simple dù động từ ở trước nó chia ở bất kì thì nào thì. Vậy có quy tắc nào để nhận biết không. Chẳng có đâu. Tôi đã lục tung cả internet lên rồi. Bó tay. Đùa thôi. Sau đây tôi sẽ trình bày chúng cho bạn. Điều cơ bản là bạn phải học thuộc, luyện tập hay làm cách nào để nhớ được những từ tôi đã liệt kê.

Nhìn chung chúng được chia vào các nhóm sau:

1. Đông từ mà theo sau nó là đông từ nguyên thể (infinitive)

2. Động từ mà theo sau nó là gerund (V-ing)

3. Động từ mà theo sau nó có thể là động từ nguyện thể hoặc gerund (V-ing)

4. Động từ mà theo sau nó là tính từ (chỉ một số động từ được gọi là linking verb)

5. Đông từ mà theo sau nó có thể là đông từ nguyên thể không “to”(Simple) hoặc V-ing

6. Động từ mà theo sau là một danh từ hoăc đại từ và động từ nguyện thể

7. Go + V-ing

8. Động từ đặc biệt: let, help, make, have, get….

9. To be.

(Bạn cần phân biệt infinitive và simple. “To go” được gọi là infinitive còn “go” gọi là simple. Cả hai đều không chia theo ngôi hay thì gì cả.)

Vậy xin liệt kê động từ được theo sau bằng gerund.

admit	he admitted stealing the money
advise	she advised waiting until tomorrow
anticipate	I anticipated having a good time on vacation
appriciate	I appriciate hearing from them
avoid	he avoided answering my question
can't bear	I can not bear waiting in long lines
begin	I began ranning
conplete	I finally completed writing my term paper
consider	I will consider going with you
continue	he continued speaking
delay	He delayed leaving for school
deny	She denied committing the crime
dicuss	They dicussed onpening a new business
dislike	I dislike driving
enjoy	we enjoyed visting them
finish	she finished studying about ten
forget	I'll never forget visting Napoleon's tomb
hate	I hate making silly mistakes
can't help	I can not help worrying about it
keep	I keep hoping he will come
like	I like going to movies
love	I love going to operas
mention	she mentioned going to a movie
mind	Would you mind helping me with this
miss	I miss being with my family
postpone	Let's potpone leaving until tomorrow
practice	the athlete practiced throwing the ball
prefer	Ann prefers walking to driving to work
quit	He quit trying to slove the problem
recall	I don’t recall meeting him before
recollect	I don’t recollect meeting him before
recommend	she recommended seeing the show
regret	I regret telling him my secret
remember	I can not remember meeting him when I was a child
resent	I resent her interfering in my business
resist	I couldn’t resist cating the dessert
rík	she risks losing all of her money
can't stand	I can not standing in long lines
start	it started raining
stop	she stopped going to class
sugest	She sugested going to a movie
tolerate	She will not tolerate cheating during an examination
try	I tried changing the light bulb
understand	I don’t understand his leaving school

Những từ được bôi đỏ có thể được theo sau bằng "to verb" hoăc "pro(noun) + to verb". Nếu bạn thấy những từ không được bôi đỏ được theo sau bằng "to verb" thì nó có nghĩa là: "làm cái gì đó để làm gì đó", cấu trúc câu thể hiện mục tiêu. Thật ra cấu trúc đầy đủ là:

Verb (đã được chia) + in order to verb nhưng thường được rút gọn "in order".

Hẹn gặp lại!!!

“Bài viết được biên soạn bởi Hung Nguyen"

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