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Bài 8: Linking verbs.


Tùy thuộc vào chức năng của động từ mà có rất nhiều cách chia các động từ thành các nhóm khác nhau. Có một cách chia mà có thể bạn ít hoặc hiếm khi thấy là chia động từ thành 3 nhóm sau: action verbs (tạm dịch: động từ chỉ hành động - có chức năng miêu tả hành động), linking verbs (tạm dịch: động từ kết nối) và helping verbs (trợ động từ).

1.     Action verbs là những từ dùng để miêu tả hành động và trạng thái của chủ thể (chủ ngữ) chúng thường được bổ nghĩa bằng danh từ hoặc phó từ.
2.     Linking verbs không dùng để miêu tả hành động mà chúng được sử dụng với chức năng kết nối chủ ngữ với một tính từ hoặc danh từ.
3.     Helping verbs (trợ động từ). Ví dụ điển hình nhất bạn có thể gặp là các dạng thức của "to do" và "to have" (VD: Do you love me? hoặc I do not like you....)
Dưới đây mình sẽ liệt kê linking verbs có thể nhiều khi bạn nhầm với perception verbs (đã trình bày ở bài 6) đây. Cẩn thận nha.
linking verb + adj
feel
the children feel happy
look
that chair looks comfortable
smell
the meal smells attractive
sound
the problem sound easy
taste
the soup tasted good
appear
he appear sudden
seem
she seem cheerful
got, turn, grow ở đây phải mang cùng nghĩa với become
become
the weather became cold
get
the room got quite
turn
the sky turned dark
grow
the sky grew dark

Thật ra ranh giới giữa action verbs và linking verbs rất mong manh. Bạn dễ dàng tìm thấy những từ mình liệt kê ở trên đóng vai trò là một action verbs. Vì vậy điều bạn cần làm rõ là chức năng của động từ bạn tìm thấy trong câu là dùng để miêu tả hành động, trạng thái hay dùng để thể hiện mối liên hệ giữa chủ ngữ và  một tính từ hoặc danh từ. Xem ví dụ sau:

·        He appears tired (Linking verbs theo sau là tính từ- Anh ấy có vẻ mệt mỏi)
·        He appears suddenly (Action verbs theo sau là phó từ - Anh ấy xuất hiện đột ngột)
·        He looks good (Linking verbs theo sau là tính từ - Anh ấy trông có vẻ ổn; ở đây ám chỉ sức khỏe)
·        He look well (Action verbs theo sau là phó từ - Anh ấy có thể nhìn tốt; ở đây ám chỉ mắt anh ấy)
Nếu bạn là người nói hoặc người viết hãy để ý tới các thể hiện của bạn. Còn nếu bạn là người đọc người nghe thì hãy chú ý xem cách người thể hiện sử dụng từ loại nào trong câu. Thật sự thì tiếng anh nó rắc rối vậy đấy; chỉ cần thay đổi một từ thì ý nghĩa đã khác hoàn toàn như vậy rồi. Goodluck and...

Hẹn gặp lại !!!
“Bài viết được biên soạn bởi Hung Nguyen"


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